In contrast, a U-shaped age-related pattern was revealed in judgments of acts as well as the right to engage in acts in the conflicted situations with 8- and 16-year-olds judging acts as wrong and 10- to 14-year-olds more likely to judge acts as right and the actor as having a right to engage in the action. Cross-age continuities in moral judgments were observed in judgments of acts as wrong in the unconflicted contexts. Justifications were elicited for judgments. Participants made two types of judgments: whether the action was right or wrong and whether the actor would have a right to engage in the action if that was the actor's choice. Situations varied in terms of characteristics of the person who was the object of moral decisions: a generic other, vulnerable other, or antagonistic other. Each situation was presented within three conditions: unconflicted situations situations of conflict with needs of self and conflicts with needs of another. Moral judgments were assessed through interviews around issues of direct harm (hitting), indirect harm (returning dropped money), and helping. Participants were 167 children and adolescents drawn from two regions of the United States, from diverse ethnic and SES backgrounds, distributed across four age groups from 8 to 17 years. The aims of the research presented here were to examine moral judgments in childhood and adolescence, taking into account applications of moral judgments in contexts and the coordination of different considerations in evaluations and decisions. That research indicates that there are continuities and discontinuities across ages in moral judgments. ![]() Research thus far has provided only limited understanding of age-related changes within the moral domain. Prior research has outlined developmental changes within the conventional and personal domains. The time point along the trajectory of phonological development is important in modulating whether cross-linguistic transfer can be observed. These findings suggest a possible early interaction of the Cantonese and English prosodic systems in which bilingual children adopted the English stress pattern in Cantonese production. Some bilingual children also exhibited a ‘high-low’ template in their production, resembling the pitch pattern of English trochaic words. Our results showed that some bilingual children had a delay at 2 0, compared to their monolingual peers. We examined the production of Cantonese tones by five simultaneous bilingual children longitudinally at 2 0 and 2 6, and compared them with age-matched monolingual children using auditory analysis. Previous studies on bilingual children found intact tonal development at the initial stages of interaction between Cantonese and English in successive bilingual children, whereas children exposed to both languages from birth have not been studied in this regard.
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